Monday, March 28, 2011

Mollusk Discovery

I only recently learned that octopuses, which are part of the group known as Cephalopods (alongside squids, nautiluses, and cuttlefish), are actually MOLLUSKS!

It's super cool. 






  And there is a certain Cephalopod which I find to be incredibly interesting, not to mention beautiful:
the Blanket Octopus.



  • These incredible creatures, which truly do resemble silk blankets floating through the ocean, are scientifically known as Tremoctopus violaceus.
Its full taxonomy, sufficiently lengthy and extravagant to match the creature itself, is Animalia Mollusca Cephalopoda Tremoctopodidae Tremoctopus.





 Even just looking at these simple, still photos -- even without seeing the creatures actually in motion -- it is easy to see both where they got their name, and how lovely they are.








As a group, Cephalopods have a number of marked characteristics:
  • They swim with jet propulsion.
  • They have a parrot-like beak at the center of their tentacles.
  • They have large, well-developed eyes and remarkable vision, particularly in areas with low light.
  • The coloration of Cephalopods varies, but they generally have passive and/or active camoflauge.
  • Also, they are able to make a dark in cloud.
  • They are active hunters with a wide diet.
  • They breed in shallow or surface water by means of the male delivering a sperm packet.
What's more, the Blanket Octopus is far from the only beautiful or bizarre Cephalopod; they're all unique and frightfully interesting, particularly in their coloring and intelligence.

For example, take the Blue-ringed Octopus:

These beautiful octopuses are found in the Pacific, and are among the most venomous creatures in the world.  They are absolutely minuscule (around five inches) and yet a single one has enough venom to kill up to 26 grown humans!

Of course, it isn't just octopuses that are so gloriously decorated (although they alone can change the literal texture of their skin).  Squid, for example, can literally flash light.  Cuttlefish can change their colors into fantastic patterns.

The Flamboyant Cuttlefish is a prime example of this magnifiscent coloration:

These creatures are found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, in shallower depths.  Adept hunters, these venomous Cephalopods seem to able along the seafloor.

There are octopuses which can change themselves to look like other creatures, or to look exactly like their surroundings.  There are cuttlefish, as well, which can alter their own appearances to look exactly like the opposite sex of their own species.

. . . The silk tapestry remeniscent body of the Blanket Octopus is thought to be its defense mechanism, meant to intimidate predators. 

To see a video of this beautiful display, click here!

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

Crustaceans and Echinoderms


Crustaceans and Echinoderms, while sharing many of the same watery homes, are more different than they are similar.

One singular similarity between the two sorts of creatures is that they are both invertebrates.

However, there is an absolute plethora of differences:

  • Crustaceans have bilateral symmetry, whilst echinoderms have radial symmetry.
  • Crustaceans have hard exoskeletons, and echinoderms have endoskeletons.
  • Echinoderms are far more sessile than crustaceans.
  • Echinoderms leave behind tests, which are their endoskeleton remains; crustaceans do not.
  • Crustaceans go through molting, while echinoderms do not. 
  • Echinoderms move with their tube feet, but crustaceans move with walking feet.
  • Crustaceans have segmented bodies, but echinoderms do not!
  • Echinoderms have spiky skin made of calcium carbonate, but crustaceans in turn have jointed legs and feet (they're arthropods). 
  • Crustaceans have more complex nervous systems than echinoderms. 
 Here are some photos of these nifty creatures, followed by their taxonomy (scientific classification):

First, some echinoderms... 

Animalia echonodermata asteroidea spinulosida acanthasteridae acanthaster planci
http://digital.library.colostate.edu/cgi-bin/pview.exe?CISOROOT=/garst&CISOPTR=60&CISORESTMP=/garst/html/garst_template1.html&CISOVIEWTMP=/garst/html/garst_template2.html&CISOMODE=thumbnails&CISOROWS=2&CISOCOLS=4
 Eukarya animalia echinodermata asteroidea forcipuladita asteriidae pycnopodia helianthoides
http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/2B/2B9B3E72-D665-4A7D-9560-EBBC4A9EA908/Presentation.Large/Sunflower-star-predating-on-sea-cucumber.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.arkive.org/sunflower-star/pycnopodia-helianthoides/&usg=__nDmv2q-hz2DlvHVvxYv2oALDSyQ=&h=430&w=650&sz=68&hl=en&start=12&sig2=otTd6j2dicNxjqnnxmD7Mg&zoom=1&tbnid=24J6xqnnvxy2vM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=137&ei=5rV_TZKgNeG40QG8gpWDCQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsunflower%2Bstar%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D576%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C228&itbs=1&biw=1024&bih=576



Eukarya Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea Forcipulatida Asteriidae Pycnopodia helianthoides
http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/eco/taxalab/ensy02/gorgonocephalus/baskcentre.jpg


Now for some crustaceans!
Animalia arthropoda malacostraca  decapoda graspidae graspus
http://digital.library.colostate.edu/cgi-bin/pview.exe?CISOROOT=/garst&CISOPTR=1158&CISORESTMP=/garst/html/garst_template1.html&CISOVIEWTMP=/garst/html/garst_template2.html&CISOMODE=thumbnails&CISOROWS=2&CISOCOLS=4

Eukaryota animalia metazoa arthropoda crustacea malacostraca eumalacostraca eucarida decapoda pleacyemata brachyura
http://laterallineco.com/blog/2009/01/page/2/&usg=__Pgw7mTWFH2PYdRV2flYOysRuBQ0=&h=391&w=500&sz=432&hl=en&start=0&sig2=aeP-Ts80l9TOvKj_LZdcRA&zoom=1&tbnid=vtIwPRSRNHuvBM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=190&ei=lLN_TYOLMKq40QGm2c2TCQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblue%2Bcrab%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D576%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=231&oei=lLN_TYOLMKq40QGm2c2TCQ&page=1&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=120&ty=101
 Metazoa Arthropoda Malacostraca Decopoda Ocypodidae Ocypode
http://www.aquaessence.com/image/store/0/productImages/ghostCrab.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aquaessence.com/index.cfm/m/38/fuseaction/store5products.productDetail/productID/120/merchantId/0/departmentId/0/categoryId/34&usg=__eUNLBJS4sd8tLdPmkif7wIkZN5U=&h=480&w=640&sz=37&hl=en&start=0&sig2=3MfruFZc4ymHWjFpmGFgyg&zoom=1&tbnid=Yc90pZsgBb2K9M:&tbnh=133&tbnw=201&ei=pLd_Ta31AY6atwfG2entCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dghost%2Bcrab%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26gbv%3D2%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D576%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C95&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=522&vpy=136&dur=245&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=162&ty=128&oei=lLd_Ta3oI8-gtgew2oXOCA&page=1&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&biw=1024&bih=576

 Check out this AWESOME video of a nocturnal sea star!

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

Signs of Spring! Hooraaay!

Simply as a preface, I'd like to say that I am trying a new blog format with today's observations.  (I feel so technical and modern saying that.)  Normally, I do a separate blog for each site or sign, but I am going to do them all together today! I hear that many of my peers do this anyway, and I am simply late on the uptake.

The excursion we went on yesterday was simultaneously eye-opening and throat-closing.

It was beautiful.  At 63 degrees, I could hardly have asked for more idyllic weather.  As if I needed any more proof than how lovely it felt, Spring was obvious in almost every place we looked.  Unfortunately, it was also -- very literally -- in the air.
Sign One
As soon as we exited the school, Spring was essentially in our faces in the form of a bevy of budding trees.  From afar, these
The shading is poor, but this little bunch of buds is really a lovely rose color.
looked like an abundance of soft red speckles adorning the slender branches.  The lawn, I noticed, was remarkably well-groomed (probably thanks to some of our splendid students) and the breeze could only be described as feeling completely soft and cool.  Even the sun was not overbearing; I love Spring. I find it rather funny that the only birds I could hear were not the typical, tiny songbirds of spring scenes but the rather more boisterous guffaws of crows and perhaps a seagull.

Sign Two
After meandering at different paces down to the edge of the bus barn, the class finally made it to the edge of the woods.  My throat tightened in fear of all of the lovely flora, and my nose itched, but I was glad to be going into the woods on such a pretty day regardless.

It seems like only a few days ago that freezing rain could be expected at any time, and yet I was greeted with the unabashedly cheerful sight of new, peridot-colored buds opening to the sunshine.


Right alongside of this desiduous display were the ever-bright green needles of a pine tree, lingering from winter.  Upon closer inspection, however, it was apparent that there were some new female pine cones budding up in preparation for polenation.

The almost nonexistant breeze here rustled the graveyard of leaves blown up against the edge of the woods and I, even in my cashmere sweater, still stood comfortably in the sun (although my upper respiratory system may not have been too comfortable).

Sign Three

Hyperventilation seemed to be my impending fate as I neared the pond at the head of the group.  As we got close enough to see the sparkling water, little, decorative bunches of pollen flanked us on both sides.

Here is an example of the neat-looking but evil pollen in question.

You may notice the decided absence of geese in the watery background where they had been only a couple of weeks ago, or even less.  The only honking to be heard in this area now is the sad, metallic honking of school buses.

But, to counteract that melancholy fact, there was a healthy spattering of small, green buds on the trees around the pond, and we found a bizarre little growth on a sapling that we supposed was an insect nest of some sort.  I took a picture, but my phone would not take in the colors well enough to differentiate between the growth and the wood itself.

Not only was the pollen more intense here, but so was the sun.  Though it was still pleasantly golden, it was much brighter and a little more difficult to deal with.  Thankfully, a persistant breeze counteracted the garish heat.

Sign Four

This sign was (and forgive me for being so ridiculously, laughably phobic) a little bit scary.

I was totally facinated by the delicate, deep red spring growth that Mrs. Richardson showed us.  As I stepped off of the path and followed right after her, I kneeled almost while walking just to get a closer look at the vibrant, unadorned little limbs.  But, as I inspected this more closely

... I also found another sign of life: SPIDER!

Albeit, it was a very tiny spider.  And perhaps it was more scared of me than I was of it (although I doubt it).  However, I was still not too keen on the idea of taking its photo, so I scurried off with even more speed than it would have if it hadn't been in the center of its own delicate web. 

Shortly after this disturbing incident, Mrs. Richardson attempted to get us all to quiet down.  As I stood in place, waiting for the rest of the class to follow her directions, I strained my ears to hear more than the whispering of my peers or their crunching footfalls.  To my happy surprise, I soon heard the faint trickling of water, which I suspect to have been carried up to me from the small creek we have observed before.  I also heard wind, but it was distant, more the voice of wind that the actual sound.

It was warm here. and there were intermittent beams of sun, but the shade kept me and my sweater comfortable.


And as an epilogue, I might mention that there were two other spiders spotted on the way back.  Argh!  Spiders and alergies are the bane of springtime.  Thankfully, I am too in love with the flowers and the weather to let that ruin the season!

Bottom Dwelling Ecology of the Graham Cracker Marine Reserve. . .

A Biofilm Plate Simulation!


... and a scrumptiouis one, at that.

This lab was, for me, some much-needed fun. 

Using background knowledge that we've acquired in this class, such as that of benthic organisms and the substrate, as well as learning about some new things about the spawn of certain shellfish and biofilms, the class created a simulation of a well-known marine science experiment.

In the experiment itself, a plexiglass plate is suspended in the ocean with a biofilm layer over it upon which organisms can settle and cling.

Our graham crackers were, in theory, much tastier than plexiglass (though I am not too fond of the food).  The biofilm, however, was quite good: frosting!


This shows the first stage of growth in the experiment.
The LifeSaver gummy represents the bolt used to secure the plate in the experiment, and the sprinkles show the settlement of red coralline algae, diatoms, and barnacles.

My little frosting marine life center was slightly short on species (apparently all of the coral and oysters went floating on by into the sea, as is represented by sprinkles missing the cookie).

Also, there were not enough of any of them to merit the gain of a marshmellow (a fully matured organism).

Thus, the second stage of the experiment looked remarkably similar to the first.


Algae in the Cupboard

I ransacked the house.

I think I disturbed my poor mother who had, with my help, just organized the pantry.

I was determined not to appear as though I hadn't tried.  I took pictures of everything I could find in which algae derivatives are commonly used, and all of if was void of the magical ingredients: carrageenan, alginates, and beta carotene.

I searched the refrigerator: nothing.

This couldn't be.  My classmates had completed the assignment with ease -- what was wrong with my cupboards?

I came to school, guilty and empty handed, to ask Mrs. Richardson what I could do.

Sadly, I couldn't get to the store to take pictures of their algae, so I took another good piece of advice and, this next night, filtered through bathroom supplies.

At long last, I found it! I found carrageenan in my toothpaste!

That's right, my toothpaste contains an algae derivative.


My cell phone camera has quality to poor to see it, but the red circle is around the algae!